Definition of Exception Handling:

An exception handler is a piece of code that specifies what a program should do when an unexpected event interrupts the normal flow of its instructions. In the context of computers, an exception is an unanticipated event that occurs during the execution of a program and disturbs the flow of its commands.

There are two sorts of exceptions in Java:

• Checked exceptions are ones that are examined when the code is developed; for the most part, the program is expected to rebound from them, or exception handlers are inserted into programs to specify what the program should do when certain circumstances are met.
• Unchecked exceptions are unanticipated events that occur during the execution of a program. These can be managed in certain circumstances, but not in most. One sort of uncontrolled exception is an error. 

Programs connect with the operating system and other software systems through multiple levels. When a checked exception occurs, the procedure that caused it creates this exception object that contains information such as the type of exception and the state of the program at the time of the occurrence.

Throwing an exception refers to the creation and subsequent passing of this item. The method sends the object to the runtime system, which examines the exception handler code levels that satisfy the exception object’s specifications. The exception handler is said to catch an exception in this scenario.

The operating system creates a fatal exception message if an adequate exception handler cannot be identified, which implies the program must close and maybe the computer as well.